Domiciliary care of older persons is changing rapidly in Ireland. The most significant recent changes are the emergence of private home care companies, the introduction of a new policy instrument (cash-for-care) and the professionalisation of the non-profit (formerly voluntary) sector providers. This research project set out to explore the central differences and commonalities between care work in the public, private and non-profit sectors. Sixty-three care workers across the three sectors participated in semi-structured interviews and focus groups. The content of these was analysed under six different themes. Separate interviews were conducted with middle managers involved in the recruitment, training and supervision of care workers. Several salient differences between the three sectors were discovered, most importantly with regard to social protection, composition of the care workforce, and flexibility in work tasks; all of these in turn have implications for the quality of employment and quality of care.